Sildenafil actavis 25 mg

If these drugs are given together, closely monitor for prolongation of the QT interval.

Rigorous attempts to correct any electrolyte abnormalities (i.e., potassium, magnesium, calcium) should be made before initiating concurrent therapy.

Vorinostat: (Moderate) Use vardenafil with caution in combination with vorinostat due to increased risk of QT prolongation.

Both therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of vardenafil produce an increase in QTc interval.

Vorinostat therapy is also associated with a risk of QT prolongation.

Zafirlukast: (Minor) Vardenafil is metabolized by CYP3A4.

Inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as zafirlukast, can reduce vardenafil clearance. Increased systemic exposure to vardenafil may result in an increase in vardenafil-induced adverse effects. Zileuton: (Minor) Vardenafil is metabolized by CYP3A4. Inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as zileuton, can reduce vardenafil clearance. Increased systemic exposure to vardenafil may result in an increase in vardenafil-induced adverse effects.

Ziprasidone: (Major) Concomitant use of ziprasidone and vardenafil should be avoided due to the potential for additive QT prolongation.

Clinical trial data indicate that ziprasidone causes QT prolongation; there are postmarketing reports of torsade de pointes (TdP) in patients with multiple confounding factors. Both therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of vardenafil produce an increase in QTc interval. There are no adequate and well-controlled trials of vardenafil in humans during pregnancy. In animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental outcomes were observed during organogenesis at exposures for unbound vardenafil and its

major

Vardenafil is not indicated for use in females and is therefore not recommended during breast-feeding. There is no information on the presence of vardenafil and its major metabolite in human milk, the effects on the breast-fed infant, or the effects on milk production.

Vardenafil is excreted into the milk of lactating rats at concentrations approximately 10-fold greater than found in the plasma; following a single oral dose of 3 mg/kg, 3.3% of the administered dose was excreted into the milk within 24 hours. Mechanism of Action: Vardenafil is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5).

The physiologic mechanism of erection of the penis involves release of nitric oxide (NO) in the corpus cavernosum during sexual stimulation.

Nitric oxide then activates the enzyme sildenafil actavis 25 mg guanylate cyclase, which results in increased levels of cGMP. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate causes smooth muscle relaxation in the corpus cavernosum thereby allowing inflow of blood; the exact mechanism by which cGMP stimulates relaxation of smooth muscles has not been determined. Phosphodiesterase type 5 is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum. Vardenafil enhances the effect of NO by inhibiting PDE5, thereby raising concentrations of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum. Vardenafil has no direct relaxant effect on isolated human corpus cavernosum and, at recommended doses, has no effect in the absence of sexual stimulation.

Vardenafil has a greater selectivity for PDE5 versus PDE6, an enzyme found in the retina and involved in phototransduction.

Sildenafil, another PDE inhibitor, has a lower selectivity for PDE5 vs PDE6 and is associated with abnormalities related to color vision sildenafil actavis 25 mg with higher doses or plasma concentrations of the drug.Phosphodiesterase type 5 is also abundant in lung tissue and esophageal smooth muscle.

Inhibition of PDE5 in lung tissue results in pulmonary vasodilation which can be effective in treating pulmonary hypertension. Inhibition of esophageal smooth muscle PDE5 can cause a marked reduction in esophageal motility as well as in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone.

These effects may be beneficial in certain motor disorders involving the esophagus

such

Vardenafil is extensively distributed throughout the body. Clearance is primarily via the hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4 with minor metabolism by CYP3A5 and CYP2C.

The major metabolite, designated M1, is the result of desethylation at the piperazine moiety of vardenafil and is further metabolized. M1 has phosphodiesterase selectivity similar to that of vardenafil and an in vitro inhibitory potency for phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) that is 28% of that of vardenafil. M1 also accounts for about 7% of the total pharmacological activity.

Vardenafil is excreted as metabolites predominantly in the feces (approximately 91—95% of an oral dose) and to a lesser extent in the urine (about 2—6% of an oral dose). The elimination half-life of vardenafil and M1 is about 4—5 hours with the use of the film-coated tablets. The elimination half-life of vardenafil is 4—6 hours and the elimination half-life of MI is 3—5 hours with the use of the orally disintegrating tablets.

Oral film-coated tablets: Vardenafil is well-adsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

In healthy volunteers, peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) following a single 20 mg oral tablet dose are usually reached between 30 minutes and 2 hours (median 60 minutes) in the fasted state.

The onset of action is within 1 hour of administration. Orally disintegrating tablets: The orally disintegrating vardenafil tablets provide a higher systemic exposure than the film-coated tablets.

In a study of patients with erectile dysfunction, the mean AUC was increased by 21—29% and the mean Cmax was decreased by 19% in elderly patients (>=65) and 8% in younger patients (18—45 years) as compared to the 10 mg film-coated tablets.

In a study of healthy male volunteers (18—50 years), the mean Cmax was 15% higher and the mean AUC was 44% higher as compared to the 10 mg film-coated tablets. The median time to reach Cmax in a fasted stated was 1.5 h. High fat meals had no effect on vardenafil AUC or Tmax in healthy volunteers, but reduced the Cmax by 35%. When the orally disintegrating vardenafil tablets were administered with water, the vardenafil AUC was reduced by 29% and the median Tmax was shortened by 60 minutes, while Cmax was not affected. Efficacy and safety of silodosin, vardenafil versus silodosin in combination with vardenafil as a medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones: a prospective randomized double-blind study.

Urolithiasis is considered one of the most common diseases in urological

practice

Its prevalence is about 1% to 15% with 30 years old as the peak age of incidence.

Medical expulsive therapy (MET) has been used as a conservative treatment for patients with ureteral stones. Nitrergic fibers have been identified to have a relaxant effect on the distal ureteral smooth musculature. The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of silodosin and vardenafil as a medical expulsive therapy in comparison with each drug alone. One hundred and two male patients with uncomplicated distal ureteric stone 6–10 mm were enrolled in the study.

The patients were randomly divided into 3 equal groups, and each one consists of 34 patients. Group I received silodosin 8 mg once daily, group II vardenafil 5 mg once daily and group III combination of silodosin 8 mg and vardenafil 5 mg once daily.

The treatment was given for all the patients until stone expulsion or a maximum of 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the stone expulsion rate, and the secondary endpoints were time to stone expulsion, number of hospital visits for pain, amount of analgesic required and side effects associated with MET. Our study showed that the stone expulsion rate was higher in combination = 90.0% than silodosin = 76.7% and vardenafil groups = 60.0% ( P = 0.025), the time to stone expulsion was significantly shorter in combination = 11.23 ± 3.14 than silodosin = 12.50 ± 1.66 and vardenafil groups 14.67 ± 1.24 days ( P.

Urolithiasis is considered one of the most common diseases in urological practice.

The prevalence about 1% to 15% with 30 years is the peak age of incidence. Ureteral stones represent 20% of all urolithiasis, and about 70% of ureteral stones are in the distal ureter [1]. Ureteral stones lead to ureteral spasms which interfere with stone expulsion. Therefore, trials to reduce these spasms without affecting the normal peristaltic activity have been made to aid stone expulsion.

Medical expulsive therapy (MET) especially using ?-blockers has been used as conservative treatment for patients with ureteral stones [2].

?1 receptors are further classified into 3 subtypes of ?-1A, ?-1B and ?-1D, ?-1D > ?-1A > ?-1B in their distribution in the ureter.

?1-adrenoceptors stimulation leads to increase in the ureteric peristalsis frequency and the power of ureteric contractions.

Therefore, blockage of these receptors using silodosin reduces ureteral tone and decreases peristaltic

force

Silodosin is a more selective ?-1A adrenoceptor blocker with a better stone expulsion rate than tamsulosin [4].

Nitrergic fibers have been identified to have a relaxant effect on the distal ureteral smooth musculature [5]. Recently, investigators focused on how blockade of this nitric oxide pathway can be effectively carried out in clinical practice until phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) existed [6, 7]. reported that vardenafil is more potent in ureteral muscles relaxation than sildenafil and tadalafil [8]. Previous study had demonstrated that the combination of silodosin and tadalafil is more potent than either drug alone for the treatment of distal ureteric stones [1], but no study has been reported using vardenafil and silodosin in combination for the treatment of distal ureteric stones. Therefore, the efficacy of this combination was evaluated in comparison with the use of each drug alone.

From May 2019 to November 2019, this prospective study was carried out at a single tertiary care hospital. Approval of the ethical committee of our institution was obtained before the start of the study.

The inclusion criteria included male patients aged between 18 and 55 years with single radiopaque ureteric stone located below the sacroiliac joint ranging in size between 6 and 10 mm.

Exclusion criteria were single kidney, bilateral ureteric stones, severe intractable pain, impairment of renal function, urinary tract infection (UTI), severe hydronephrosis, any urologic anomalies and previous history of ureteral surgery. Also, patients on concomitant treatment with nitrates or calcium channel blockers or with severe hepatic impairment were excluded.

A total of 267 patients with distal ureteric stones were assessed for eligibility to enter the study.

One hundred and sixty-five patients were excluded for different reasons (not meeting inclusion criteria 70 patients, refused to participate 54 patients and for other reasons 41 patients) as in Fig. One hundred and two patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study.

Informed written consent was obtained from all the patients after explanation of the study procedures and the possible side effects.

The patients were randomly divided into 3 equal groups, and each one consists of 34 patients using closed envelope method. Group I received silodosin 8 mg once daily, group II vardenafil 5 mg once daily and group III combination of silodosin 8 mg and vardenafil 5 mg once daily. The treatment was given for all the patients until stone expulsion or a maximum of 4 weeks.

Patients were assessed by history taking, general examination, serum creatinine, urine analysis, urine culture, KUB (kidney, ureter and bladder X-ray) and non-enhanced spiral CT. Patients were advised to take diclofenac 75 mg tablet orally during pain episodes along with the allocated drug. Patients were instructed to filter their urine to detect any passed stones.

Our study was planned as a double-blind study, and both the investigators and the participants were unaware of the type of the treatment received. Follow-up was performed weekly by history taking (stone passage, number of hospital visits for pain, total analgesia required and side effects associated with MET) and ultrasonography until spontaneous passage of the stone or stoppage of MET after 4 weeks.

The primary endpoint was the stone expulsion rate, and the secondary endpoints were time to stone expulsion, number of hospital visits for pain, amount of analgesic required and side effects associated with MET.

Data was collected, revised, coded and entered into the Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 23. Normality of data was checked using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality.

The comparison between groups regarding qualitative data was done by Chi-square test . The comparison between more than two independent groups with quantitative data and parametric distribution was done by one-way ANOVA test. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for patient’s age, stone site and stone size ( P > 0.05) as in Table 1. The stone expulsion rate was significantly higher in combination than silodosin and vardenafil groups ( P = 0.025), the time to stone expulsion was significantly shorter in combination than silodosin and vardenafil groups ( P Table 2 Comparison between 3 groups regarding stone expulsion rate, stone expulsion time, number of hospital visits for pain and amount of analgesic required. There was no significant difference among the studied groups regarding headache ( P = 0.749), dizziness ( P = 0.856), orthostatic hypotension ( P = 0.585).

However, incidence of retrograde ejaculation was significantly higher in silodosin and

combination

The primary benefit of conservative approach in the management of ureteral calculi is minimal patient morbidity.

Conservative medical treatment is usually indicated in the treatment of uncomplicated distal ureteral stones of 6–10 mm size as these stones have lower chances to pass spontaneously [9].

A great advance in the MET has been achieved with the use of ?-1 adrenoreceptor antagonists to treat these stones by accelerating stone passage through inducing relaxation of distal ureteral smooth muscles [10]. The ?-1 adrenoreceptor antagonists act by inhibiting basal muscular tone, uncoordinated hyperperistaltic wave frequency and ureteral contractions of distal ureter leading to relaxation of ureteral smooth muscles with subsequent ureteral lumen dilatation which results in increase in the rate of stone expulsion [11]. Recently, PDE5 inhibitors were reported to act on the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the smooth muscles, resulting in accumulation of cGMP, resulting in ureteral smooth muscle relaxation. So, PDE5 inhibitors are potentially able to facilitate stone expulsion [8]. Despite having a well-established role in erectile dysfunction (ED) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the use of PDE5 inhibitor for MET is in the preliminary stage.

In our study, we found that the stone expulsion rate was significantly higher in combination than silodosin and vardenafil groups (90.0%, 76.7% and 60.0%, respectively) ( P = 0.025). [12] reported that there was a higher expulsion rate 76% in combination therapy group compared to 73% in tadalafil group and 70% in tamsulosin group.

There was an increase in expulsion rate in patients with combination therapy, though statistical significance could not be demonstrated. [6] reported that the stone expulsion rates for tamsulosin, silodosin and tadalafil were 64.4%, 83.3% and 66.7%, respectively, but there was no significant difference between the tamsulosin and tadalafil groups ( P = 0.875). [13] reported that the stone expulsion rate was 58% for placebo group, 80% for tadalafil group and 74% for tamsulosin group.

Tadalafil was superior to placebo in stone expulsion rate ( P = 0.017).

The reason for a higher stone expulsion rate in combination group can be explained by the fact the combination of vardenafil and silodosin with different mechanisms of action. Silodosin acts as ?-1A adrenoceptor blocker, whereas vardenafil acts as PDE5 inhibitor, and thus, the combination of the two drugs may further sildenafil actavis 25 mg help in increase in stone expulsion [1].

In this study, we found that the mean stone expulsion time was significantly shorter in combination than silodosin and vardenafil groups (11.23 ± 3.14, 12.50 ± 1.66 and 14.67 ± 1.24 days, respectively, P 0.05). This can be explained by the young age of the studied population. However, there was a highly significant difference among the studied groups regarding retrograde ejaculation (silodosin and combination = 86.7% vs vardenafil groups = 0.0%) ( P.

The combination of silodosin and vardenafil significantly increases the stone expulsion rate and decreases the time to stone expulsion. This combination also significantly decreases the pain episodes without incidence of serious side effects. The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Cardiovascular Effects of the 3 Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Approved for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction. From the Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.

Within the last year, 2 new phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Currently, sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), and tadalafil (Cialis) are on the market. These agents have been shown to be effective in a broad population of men with ED, including patients with vascular disease, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes. 1–5 Because the enzyme that they inhibit, PDE-5, is found in smooth muscle cells of the systemic arteries and veins throughout the body, these agents have mild vasodilator effects and thus, have the potential to impact the cardiovascular system.

6 This fact is especially important for the patient with ED, because risk factors for ED include many of the same risk factors that are associated with coronary artery disease: lipid abnormalities, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and lack of physical exercise. 7,8 Because erection is a vascular event, endothelial dysfunction may inhibit it.

9 Endothelial dysfunction, an early component of atherosclerosis, is rarely confined to the arteries supplying blood to the penis but more likely occurs throughout the vascular bed. Kaiser et al 10 studied 30 men with ED and observed that brachial artery flow–mediated vasodilation and nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation were reduced in these patients compared

with

Thus, ED may be an early marker of vascular disease. 10 Patients with frank coronary artery disease, known to be associated with endothelial dysfunction, and frank atherosclerosis often have ED, as we recently observed in 1 study, in which three fourths of the men with chronic stable angina also reported some degree of ED.

11 Hence, the vasodilator effect of these PDE5 agents should be taken into consideration for the cardiac patient, both as a possible concern in some cases or a possible beneficial effect in others. The purpose of the present review is to describe the cardiovascular effects of the 3 available PDE5 inhibitors, the issue of nitrate interaction, differences and similarities in labeling regarding concomitant use of nitrates and ?-blockers, their effect on the QT interval, their safety in regard to cardiac events, and the concept that these agents may eventually play a role in therapies for various cardiac conditions, including pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Effect of PDE5 Inhibitors on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate. Sildenafil was approved as an effective agent for treating ED in 1998, and its cardiovascular effects have been studied in great depth.

In 1 study of 8 volunteers, 12 80 mg of intravenous sildenafil reduced systolic blood pressure from 131±12 mm Hg with placebo to 122±13 mm Hg ( P 12 gave 8 healthy male subjects 100, 150, and 200 mg of oral sildenafil.

The mean maximum reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 10/7 mm Hg at 3 hours after dosing, with no difference in the 200-mg versus the 100-mg dose.

In most subjects, blood pressure returned to baseline within 6 hours.

The authors did not observe a significant orthostatic drop in blood pressure or increase in heart rate in the standing position. Sildenafil, as expected, reduced vascular resistance.

In patients with stable ischemic heart disease 40 mg of intravenous sildenafil reduced systolic arterial pressure from 150±12 to 141±16 mm Hg (mean±SD) and diastolic blood pressure from 74±8 to 66±10 mm Hg but had no effect on heart rate. Cardiac output was 5.6±0.9 L/min at baseline and 5.2±1.1 L/min after intravenous sildenafil.

Pulmonary artery pressure fell from 16.7±4.0 to 12.1±3.9 mm Hg. Subsequent studies verified that sildenafil results in small reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with little or no effect on heart rate. 13–15 In addition, sildenafil was shown in numerous studies of pulmonary hypertension to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure (PDE5 is rich within the pulmonary vasculature).